Computer Science Notes
Notes From CS Undergrad Courses FSU
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Wiederholen Sie Sie/du, Strukturen 5, 5 (S. 17)
Use du and ihr with friends, family, and children. For everyone else use Sie with almost everyone else. Children are addressed using du.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Formal | du | Ihr |
| Informal | Sie | Sie |
Practice Problems
- Student -> Student - du
- Professor -> Student - du
- Freund -> Freundin - du
- Student -> zwei Studenten - Ihr
- Frau (40 yr) -> Frau (50 yr) - Sie
- Student -> Sekretärin - Sie
- Doktor -> Patient - Sie
- Frau -> zwei Kinder - du
Wiederholen Sie Strukturen 1, The perfect tense (S. 149)
The perfect tense generally describes past events. We use haben or sein and a past participle to describe the past tense. These are usually modified using the prefix "ge-". The past participle typically occurs at the end of the clause.
Ich habe seher veil gelacht - I laughed very much habe, and gelacht is the past participle.
[!NOTE] The auxiliary is in the second position with word questions, and the first position with yes/no question
Wann bist du ins Bett gegangen? - When did you go to bed? Hat heidi schon gefünstückt? - Have you eaten breakfast?
Most words use haben, however sein may be required under the two conditions:
- It cannot indicate a direct object
- Change of location must take place
| Common Sein Verbs | - |
|---|---|
| ankommen | to arrive |
| aufstehen | to get up |
| auftreten | to occur, to appear |
| ausgehen | to go out |
| fahren | to go, drive |
| fliegen | to fly |
| flowgen | to follow |
| gehen | to go, to walk |
| geschehen | to happen |
| kommen | to come |
| laufen | to run |
| reisen | to travel |
| schwimmen | to swim |
| sterben | to die |
| wandern | to hie |
Wiederholen Sie Thuleen, „Perfekt“.
The perfect tense is used for conversational past tense, rather than narrative. For perfect tense we need to consider "strong" - irregular, and "weak" - regular verbs. With weak verbs we take the stem of the verb and add "ge-", and a "-t" suffix.
spiellen - gespeilt machen - gemacht
Strong verbs end in an "-en". Verbs that end in "-ieren" do NOT get a ge- prefix.
studieren - studiert reparieren - repariert
Another exception is inseparable prefixes, such as: ver-, be- and miss-. When this occurs, it does NOT get a "ge-".
besuchen - besucht erleben - erlebt
With separable prefixed the "-ge" should be placed in the middle of the word.
Practice Problems
- To make - machen, gemacht, Hast du das Bett gemacht
- To clean up - aufräumen, aufgeräumt, Ich habe gestern mein Zimmer aufgeräumt
- To have - haben, gehabt, Tom hat am Montag eine Party gehabt
- To cost - kosten, gekostet, Wie viel hat dein Fahrrad gekostet?
- To wait - warten, gewartet, Ich habe 20 Minuten gewartet!
Strong Verbs
The stem vowel often changes in unpredictable ways.
| English | German |
|---|---|
| sing - sung | singen - gesungen |
| fly - flown | fliegen - geflogen |
| give - given | geben - gegeben |
Easy German, Alltag
| German Word | English Translation |
|---|---|
| rauszukommen | to go out |
| meine kleine | little one, child |
| liebsten | favorite |
| schalten | to change / switch |
| schneiden | to cut |
| mitternacht | midnight 🕛 |
| nachbarn | neighbors |
| feiern | to celebrate |
| nicht total | not totally |
| geschnitten | cut |
| gefällt | pleases |
| abmoderation | moderation |
| aufnehme | recording |
| erzählen | to tell |
| zurück | back |
| sonnenuntergangs | sunset |
| himmel | heaven / sky |
| persönliches | personal |
| tagesablauf | daily routine |
Lernen Sie die Vokabeln S. 176f. Lesen Sie Strukturen 3
| Vocab Word | Work Day |
|---|---|
| anfagen | to start, begin |
| antworden | to answer |
| auf brechen | to leave, to set out |
| beenden | to end |
| belegen | to take |
| bezahlen | to pay (for) |
| dauren | to last, take (time) |
| ergänzen | to complete, add |
| erledigen | to finish, get done |
| passieren | to happen, take place |
| übernehmen | to take on, assume |
| verstehen | to understand |
| war, warst, waren | was, where |
| die Aufgabe, -n | assignment, task, chore |
| die Bibliothek, -en | library |
| die Freiheit, -en | freedom, liberty |
| die Rede, -n | speech |
| die Regel, -n | rule |
| die Sehnsucht, -ë | longing, desire |
| die Umfrage, -n | survey |
| der Bahnhof, ë | train station |
| der Krieg, -e | war |
| das Prozent | percentage, percent |
| das Wunder | wonder |
| ähnlich | similar (ly) |
| furtchbar | terrible, terribly |
| lezte | last |
| privat | private |
| total | total (ly) |
| wenig | little, few |
| einmal | once |
| etwa | approximately |
| gestern | yesterday |
| meist | mostly |
| wohin | where |
| die Burg | castle |
| die Haut | skin |
| der/die Held/Heldin | Male/Female Hero |
| der Sand | sand |
| der Schatten | shadow, shade |
| der Strand | beach |
| der Urlaub, -ë | vacation |
| der Vortrag | lecture, presentation |
| leicht | easy, easily |
| deshalb | therefore, thats why |
| sich | oneself, himself, themself |
| über | over, above, about, across, via |
| fallen | to fall |
| entdecken | to discover |
| treten, tritt | to step (up) |
| verteilen | to distribute |
| werden, wird | to become |
| die Erinnerunge | Memory, remeberence |
| die Information, -en | information |
| der Feiertag | holiday |
| der Tee, -s | tea |
| der Unfall, -ë | accident |
| das Datum, Daten | date, data |
| das Recht, -ë | right, law |
| das Weihnachten | Christmas |
| bekannt | known |
| hart | hard |
| hoch | high (ly) |
| klar | clear (ly) |
| verliebt | in love |
| nachdem | after |
| statt | instead of |
| vor | before, ago |
| aüf räumen, aufgeräumt | to tidy up |
| bedeuten | to mean, signify |
| denken | to think (of) |
| gewinnen | to win |
| versuchen | to try |
| vorstellen | to introduce, present |
| also | well, so, thus |
| jedoch | however |
| um | around, at (time) |
| wen | whom |
| zuerst | (at) first |
Dates and ordinal numbers und Strukturen 4, um-am-im, S. 163-4
Ordinals 1-19 add "-te" to the cardinal number. Numbers greater than 20 add "-ste"
| Number | Ordinal Number | In German | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1st, First | eins | erste |
| 2 | 2nd, Second | zwei | zweite |
| 3 | 3rd, Third | drei | dritte |
| 4 | 4th, Forth | vier | vierte |
| 5 | 5th, Fifth | fünf | fünfte |
| 19 | 19th, Nineteeth | neunzehn | neunzehnte |
| 20 | 20th, Twentieth | zwanzig | zwanzigste |
[!NOTE] All dates are masculine
Ordinal dates tend to end in "-e" or "-en".
Easy German, haben vs sein
Ich gehen. - I am going Ich bin gegangen. - I went / have gone.
I always use haben, unless movement or change in location is occuring
If the statement was, I got on a train, we would use sein. This is because a change in state/location is occurring. The person stating the sentence is moving from their current location to the train. Another example would be going from inside to outside. This is another change in state/location.
Am Sontag sind wir früh aufgestanden. On Sunday we got up early.
Dann haben wir uns fertig gemacht. Then we got ready.
Wir haben unsere Koffer gepackt. We packed our suitcases.
Um Seiben Uhr haben wir die Wohnung verlassen. At 7am we left the apartment.
“Struwwelpeter,” langsam gelesen
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