Networking Foundations

• network: interconnects devices
• personal area network: PAN
• local area network: LAN
• campus area network: CAN
• metropolitan area network: MAN
• wide area network: WAN
• networks can be used to monitor devices
• Network interface card (NIC)
  • no other device should have the same mac address
  • vendor code within mac address
  • mac address is 48 bits
  • divided into vendor code and unique identifier
• subnet masks
• we have ran out of ipv4 devices
• network address translation (NAT)
• ipv4: $2^32$
• ipv6: $2^128$
• ethernet switch learns where to send address
• flooding: when a switch doesn't know where to send, sends to all ports except the one that recieved the frame