• A Computer Program is a set of instructions for a Computer to carry out
• "Computer Programming " is the practice of learning to communicate with a computer so that you can request information from it

Progression Of Programming

Unlike humans, computers only understand things in terms of high and low voltage signals. This is represented as binary code. Generation | Progression -|- Gen 4 | Declarative (Python, Matlab) Gen 3 c| Functional (F#, Haskell) Gen 3 b| Object-Oriented (C++, C#) Gen 3 a| Procedural (C, AlGOL)

For More info on the ways computers work look at: [[What is a Computer?]]

Types inside of functional languages are immutable. This is not the case for object oriented languages, this can be seen through

C++ void FlipFlop(int &x, int &y){ int temp= x; x = y; y = temp; };`

This allows for variable mutation, aka when variables data changes.

• With Procedural Programming, instructions can be modularized into actions and subactions (routine & subroutine)
• With Object Oriented languages we have instances of classes, example a car. Cars may be green, blue, etc however they are all constructed the same. They are abstracted using modularized parts.

Classes are C++ code segments that act as templates for objects. These objects are instances of a class.

Classes encapsulate two concepts: - State: Color, Owner, Name - Behavior: Sit, Bark, Wag Tail

Each are independant from one another. Therefore changing the information within one dog will not change the information for all dogs.

Structs are state only, however this line between structs and classes has blurred in recent years.

[[Computer Science Notes/COP 3330/Index]]